Effects of the probiotic Bacillus cereus GM on experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

Probiotics contribute to the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and preventing dysbiosis caused by opportunistic pathogens, such as intestinal helminths. Bacillus cereus GM obtained from Biovicerin® was cultured to obtain spores for in vivo evaluation on experimental schistosomiasis. The assay was performed for 90 days, where all animals were infected with 50 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni on the 15th day. Three experimental groups were formed, as follows: G1-saline solution from the 1st until the 90th day; G2-B. cereus GM (105 spores in 300 µL of sterile saline) from the 1st until the 90th day; and G3-B. cereus GM 35th day (onset of oviposition) until the 90th day. G2 showed a significant reduction of 43.4% of total worms, 48.8% of female worms and 42.5% of eggs in the liver tissue. In G3, the reduction was 25.2%, 29.1%, and 44% of the total number of worms, female worms, and eggs in the liver tissue, respectively. G2 and G3 showed a 25% (p < 0.001) and 22% (p < 0.001) reduction in AST levels, respectively, but ALT levels did not change. ALP levels were reduced by 23% (p < 0.001) in the G2 group, but not in the G3. The average volume of granulomas reduced (p < 0.0001) 65.2% and 46.3% in the liver tissue and 83.0% and 53.2% in the intestine, respectively, in groups G2 and G3. Th1 profile cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and IL-17 were significantly increased (p < 0.001) stimulated with B. cereus GM in groups G2 and G3. IL-4 showed significant values when the stimulus was mediated by ConA. By modulating the immune response, B. cereus GM reduced the burden of worms, improved some markers of liver function, and reduced the granulomatous inflammatory reaction in mice infected with S. mansoni, especially when administered before infection.

Intraurethral injection with LPS: an effective experimental model of prostatic inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic inflammation has been recognized as having a prominent role pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer. It is believed that chronic inflammation induces prostatic fibromuscular growth. This correlation has been clearly illustrated by both in vivo and in vitro studies; however, current experimental models of BPH require complex surgery or hormonal treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to propose a new murine model of BPH/prostatitis induced by intraurethral injection of LPS. METHODS: Male Swiss and C57Bl/6 mice were then sacrificed 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after intraurethral injection of LPS. The prostates were quickly dissected and fixed for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: The results showed that LPS played an important role in the cell proliferation of the prostate. Histological and ultrastructural analysis showed epithelial hyperplasia, clear stromal cells, little inflammatory infiltration, and heavy bleeding. Treatment with LPS also promoted the increase of growth factor (FGF-7 and TGF-ß), α-actin, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17), both in the stroma and epithelium. CONCLUSION: According to the present findings, it can be concluded that the intraurethral administration of LPS promotes tissue remodeling, as well as stimulating the pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and therefore, constitutes an effective experimental model of BPH/inflammation.

Importance of anatomopathological analysis and histopathological examination for the diagnosis of suspected cases of syphilitic aneurysm / Importância da análise anatomopatológica e histopatológica para o diagnóstico de casos suspeitos de aneurisma sifilítico

Introduction: syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by mycobacterium Treponema pallidum in which in its tertiary stage can lead to an aortic syphilitic aneurysm. Currently, such cases are rare because of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Objective: we aimed to carry out an anatomopathological analysis and histopathological examination of three cases potentially suspicious of aortic syphilitic aneurysm on human corpses. Methods: It was a descriptive study which 03 anatomic specimens of aortas from cadavers with ages ranging from 50 to 91 years obtained in Service checklist of deaths during the period from 2014 to 2015. We performed an anatomopathological and histopathological analysis with the use of special dyes. Results: through the macroscopic evaluation it was observed in all cases a dilation corresponding to arch of aorta where the intima obtained an aspect of longitudinal striation, classic of syphilitic process. As for histopathological study on the tissues treatment with the staining batteries, it was demonstrated the presence of the dissecting hematoma in all cases, besides necrosis and absence characteristic of the inflammatory process. Conclusion: the anatomopathological and histopathological study are diagnostic tools which have specific characteristics and are directed to assist in preliminary diagnosis of suspected cases of aortic syphilitic aneurysm in necropsies.

Introdução: a sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível causada pela micobactéria Treponema pallidum em que, em seu estágio terciário, pode levar à um aneurisma aórtico sifilítico. Atualmente, esses casos são raros devido à eficácia da terapia com antibióticos. Objetivo: objetivou-se realizar uma análise anatomopatológica e exame histopatológico de três casos potencialmente suspeitos de aneurisma sifilítico aórtico em cadáveres humanos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo que avaliou 03 amostras anatômicas de aortas oriundas de cadáveres com idades variando de 50 a 91 anos, obtidas no Verificação de Serviço de óbitos no período de 2014 a 2015. Realizamos uma análise anatomopatológica e histopatológica com o uso de corantes especiais. Resultados: através da avaliação macroscópica observou-se em todos os casos uma dilatação correspondente ao arco de aorta onde a íntima obteve um aspecto de estriado longitudinal, clássico do processo sifilítico. Quanto ao estudo histopatológico dos tecidos tratados com as baterias de coloração, foi demonstrada a presença do hematoma dissecante em todos os casos, além da necrose e ausência característica do processo inflamatório. Conclusão: o estudo anatomopatológico e histopatológico são ferramentas diagnósticas com características específicas e orientadas a auxiliar no diagnóstico preliminar de casos suspeitos de aneurisma sifilítico aórtico em necropsias.

Chemiluminescent detection of glycocode alterations in hepatic granulomatous lesions of experimental schistosomiasis.

This work describes the glycophenotype evaluation of mice liver granulomatous lesion caused by infection of Schistosoma mansoni by using lectins labeled to acridinium ester (AE). The employed lectins were Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) that specifically recognize α-D-glucose/mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and α-NeuNAc-[2→6]-Gal/GalNAc. The chemiluminescence expressed in relative light unit (RLU) obtained from the hepatic granuloma tissues (0.25 cm2) treated with the lectins-AE was compared with control tissues. Con A-AE infected tissues showed higher statistically significant values (1,501,182 ± 163,450 RLU) compared with the control tissue (575,280 ± 97,216 RLU). WGA-AE results also showed higher values (189,654 ± 20,686 RLU) than that found for the controls (82,878 ± 24,411). SNA-AE results did not present statistical difference between granulomatous tissues (198,990 ± 15,131) and controls (167,290 ± 25,194). There is a significant increase in glucose/mannose residues and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in hepatic granuloma caused by S. mansoni, while the sialic acid remains virtually unchanged. The understanding of schistosome glycophenotype is relevant for the development of new diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis, design of new drug targets and preparation of glycan-based vaccines.

Histopathological and Digital Morphometrical Evaluation of Uterine Leiomyoma in Brazilian Women.

The current study aims to evaluate histopathological and digital morphometrical aspects associated with uterine leiomyomas in one hundred and fifty (150) patients diagnosed with leiomyoma. Uterine tissues were subjected to the histopathological and digital morphometric analyses of the interstitial collagen distribution. The analysis of medical records indicates that most of the women diagnosed with uterine leiomyomas (68.7%) are between 37 and 48 years old. As for the anatomic location of the tumors, approximately 61.4% of the patients had intramural and subserosal lesions. In 50% of the studied cases, the patients developed uterine leiomyomatosis (with more than eight tumors). As for the morphometric study, the average size of the interstitial collagen distribution held approximately 28.53% of the capture area, whereas it was of 7.43% in the normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. Another important aspect observed in the current study was the high rate of young women subjected to total hysterectomy, a fact that resulted in early and definitive sterility.

Immunocytochemical study of TOP2A and Ki-67 in cervical smears from women under routine gynecological care.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the most common female cancers and is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Viral infection leads to cell cycle deregulation by inactivating p53 and retinoblastoma protein by viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, respectively. Then, nuclear proteins such as DNA topoisomerase type IIa (TOP2A) and Ki-67 show increased expression because of increased cell division. These molecules are used as biomarkers for immunohistochemistry analysis of cervical tissue. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 110 women receiving regular gynecological surveillance at public health centers in Olinda - PE, Brazil. Cervicovaginal cells were collected to determine the presence of cytological abnormalities and HPV infection. Pap smear slides were used to evaluate the expression of TOP2A and Ki-67 using immunocytochemistry techniques. RESULTS: Of the 110 women, 75.4 % showed HPV-DNA(+) infection (83/110) and 29.1 % showed cellular abnormalities (32/110). Two atypical cells of undetermined significance, one low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and one high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples showed no HPV-DNA. TOP2A was positive in 71.9 % of samples, while Ki-67 was positive in 81.2 %. Immunocytochemistry results were positive in 4 of 5 atypical cells of undetermined significance samples. In HPV-DNA(+) samples with cytological abnormalities, immunocytochemistry results were positive 96.4 % of samples (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 28.0). Among the samples infected with HR-HPV, TOP2A(+) was effective in 71 % samples, while and Ki-67(+) was 77.4 %. Ki-67 and TOP2A were positive for all samples infected with HPV6, HPV11, and HPV18. Ki-67 was also positive for all HPV16 samples, except for one negative sample in cytopathology analysis. CONCLUSIONS: TOP2A and Ki-67 antibodies may be used in combination for cervical cancer screening in immunocytochemistry assays.

Marcadores moleculares como ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico citológico de anormalidades cervicais / Molecular markers as auxiliary tools in cy tological diagnosis of cervical abnormalities

O câncer cervical é a quarta neoplasia mais diagnosticada em mulheres no mundo e a terceira no Brasil. A principal abordagem para conter seu avanço é o rastreamento pelo exame citológico. Para melhorar o desempenho desse teste, estudos vêm demonstrando o potencial de biomarcadores moleculares, principalmente aqueles envolvidos na regulação do ciclo celular. A detecção dessas moléculas por técnicas como a imunocitoquímica apresenta boa correlação com o grau de lesão intraepitelial e diminui a variabilidade interobservador. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar evidências científicas da eficiência dos marcadores p16INK4A, Ki-67, TopIIα e MCM2 em pacientes com anormalidades cervicais e/ou positivas para o DNA do HPV. Para a realização desta revisão sistemática da literatura, no período de maio e junho de 2015, buscaram-se artigos nas principais bases de dados com os descritores "biomarkers", "molecular marker" e "cervical dysplasias". Incluíram-se artigos originais publicados na última década (2004-2015). Foram selecionados 15 artigos que contemplaram os critérios. Observou-se que o índice de positividade dos quatro marcadores se correlaciona com a gravidade da lesão. Eles demonstram potencial para a identificação de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau implícitas. A coloração imunocitoquímica para detecção dessas moléculas ajuda na localização de células potencialmente anormais e contribui para a identificação de mulheres com maior probabilidade de desenvolver o câncer cervical, melhorando a sensibilidade do exame citológico.

Cervical cancer ranks fourth as the most diagnosed neoplasm in females worldwide and third in Brazil. The cytological exam is the main approach for countering its progress. Improvement in the test´s performance comprises molecular markers, especially those involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Detection of molecules by immunocytochemistry has a good correlation with the degree of intra-epithelial lesion and decreases the interobservor´s variability. Current research assesses scientific evidences of the efficiency of markers p16INK4A, Ki-67, TopIIα and MCM2 in patients with cervical abnormalities and/or positive to the DNA of HPV. Articles were retrieved from databases by descriptors biomarkers, molecular marker and cervical dysplasias for the systematic review of the literature, between May and June 2015. Original articles published during the last ten years (2004-2015) were included, from which 15 articles were selected. Positivity index of the four markers correlates with the seriousness of the lesion. They were capable of identifying high degree implicit intra-epithelial lesions. The immunocytochemistry stain to detect the molecules is a help in the localization of potentially abnormal cells and contributes towards the identification of females with a greater possibility in developing cervical cancer and, consequently, improvement in the sensitiveness of the cytological exam.

Biocompatibility and cutaneous reactivity of cellulosic polysaccharide film in induced skin wounds in rats.

The development of a skin substitute suitable for immediately performing the function of the lost dermis and epidermis could result in a positive impact on the treatment of patients with extensive skin lesions. A biopolymer film was applied to skin wounds to investigate the biocompatibility and cutaneous reaction and to test its activity as a mechanical barrier and conductor in the healing process. Forty Wistar rats of both sexes were used in the present study. Two excisions were performed in the dorsal part of the skin flaps. The polysaccharide film was applied over one of the incisions and other incision was washed with saline. The time spent for complete healing of both lesions was virtually the same in both groups, during 21 days of observation. The film remained attached to the bed of the exposed wound for an average period of 6 days. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to lesion measurement area at assessment times of 2nd, 7th and 14th postoperative days. At day 21, the scar area showed a significant difference (0.0229). After 40 days, all wounds were completely healed. No statistically significant differences were found between the histological parameters assessed in the experimental and control groups. The cellulosic polysaccharide film integrated well with the tissue showing high biocompatibility and low skin reactivity.

Immunochemiluminescent detection of galectin-3 in tumoral tissue from prostate.

This work proposes a chemiluminescent quantitative method for galectin-3 (Gal3) detection in prostate tissues. Monoclonal antibody anti-Gal3 was conjugated to acridinium ester (AE) and the complex formed with Gal3 in the prostate tissue was chemiluminescently detected. The light emission (expressed in Relative Light Unit-RLU) showed mean values higher for benign prostatic hyperplasia than normal tissues and adenocarcinoma. These differences showed to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a linear relationship between RLU and tissue area. Furthermore, these values were dramatically reduced when the tissue samples were previously incubated with non labeled anti-Gal3. Finally, the anti-Gal3-AE solution in buffer stored at 4°C and the treated samples showed to be stable during a year and at least 72 h, respectively. Gal3 content in prostate tissue was higher in benign prostatic hyperplasia than normal tissues and much lower in adenocarcinoma. This quantitative, specific and sensitive method based on labeling antibody to acridinium ester can be applied to detect antigen in tissue.

O papel das metaloproteinases no desenvolvimento do aneurisma de aorta / The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the development of aortic aneurysm

Objetivo: realizou-se uma revisão de literatura enfatizando o papel das metaloproteinases nodesenvolvimento do aneurisma de aorta. Método: realizado um levantamento da literatura nasprincipais bases de dados científicos: Medline, Pubmed, Scienc direct, utilizando os seguintesunitermos: metaloproteinases, aorta, aneurisma de aorta. Conclusão: as metaloproteinasesparticipam de importantes mecanismos fisiológicos, contudo, os artigos sugerem que o aumentoda expressão de alguns tipos de metaloproteinases promovem um desencadeamento de processosque induzem a lesão e dano no tecido aórtico, o que contribui para o desenvolvimento doaneurisma

Objective: we conducted a literature review emphasizing the role of matrix metalloproteinasesin the development of aortic aneurysm. Method: it was a structured survey of the literature onmajor scientific databases: Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, using the following keywords:Metalloproteinases, aorta, aortic aneurysm. Conclusion: the matrix metalloproteinasesparticipate in important physiological mechanisms, however, the papers suggest that increasedexpression of some types of metalloproteinases promote a trigger processes that lead to injuryand damage to the aortic tissue, which contributes to the development of the aneurysm.

Chemiluminescent detection of carbohydrates in the tumoral breast diseases.

Nowadays, there is an increase of investigations into the fibroadenoma, mainly because some studies have shown that the occurrence of fibroadenoma is linked to an increased risk of developing breast carcinoma. Currently, the chemiluminescence biomarkers are applied for validation methods and screening. Here, a lectin chemiluminescence is proposed as new histochemistry method to identify carbohydrates in mammary tumoral tissues. The lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugated to acridinium ester were used to characterize the glycocode of breast tissues: normal, fibroadenoma, and invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). The lectin chemiluminescence expressed in relative light units (RLU) was higher in fibroadenoma and IDC than in normal tissue for both lectins tested. The relationship RLU emission versus tissue area described a linear and hyperbolic curve for IDC and fibroadenoma, respectively, using Con A whereas hyperbolic curves for both transformed tissues using PNA. RLU was abolished by inhibiting the interaction between tissues and lectins using their specific carbohydrates: methyl-α-D: -mannoside (Con A) and galactose (PNA). The intrinsic fluorescence emission did not change with combination of the lectins (Con A/PNA) to the acridinium ester for hydrophobic residues. These results represent the lectin chemiluminescence as an alternative of histochemistry method for tumoral diagnosis in the breast.

Comparative analysis of extracellular matrix and cellular carbohydrate expression in the sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis.

This work was based on the analysis of digital images of histochemical profile from subcutaneous lesions in sporotrichosis (ST) and chromoblastomycosis (CM) patients. An additional aim was the detection of carbohydrate expression using lectin histochemical analysis of the different carbohydrates in the fungal cell wall from four different species (Sporothrix schenckii, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and Cladophialophora carrionii) associated with diseases mentioned earlier. Slides from tissue biopsies from ST and CM positive patients (n=10, each) were stained according to routine techniques. Slides were incubated with 25 µg/ml of Con A lectins and WGA conjugated to peroxidase. Digital image analysis was carried out in a workstation using OPTIMAS™ software system. Routine histochemistry results indicated that there is significantly higher collagen deposition and elastic fibers in ST characteristic lesions compared with that found in CM cases. The ST interstitial fibrosis area was larger than in CM lesions. Comparative lectin binding showed a positive and intense lectin staining pattern in the cell wall of S. schenckii, suggesting a higher expression of glucose/mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine in their cell surface as evidenced by Con A and WGA, respectively. However, these lectins were not effective to recognize some carbohydrates moieties in the F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, and C. carrionii. Such findings contribute to additional information about specific recognition processes between fungal parasites and their host cell targets may be mediated by the interaction of carbohydrate-binding proteins, such as lectins, on the surface of one type of cell that combine with complementary sugars on the surface of another cells into fibro-connective tissues associated with lesions.

Potential effects of Cramoll 1,4 lectin on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni.

Cratylia mollis is a natural forage plant from the Northeast of Brazil. C. mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) containing molecular forms 1 and 4 (Cramoll 1,4) has shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. This work analyzed the effect of Cramoll 1,4 on experimental schistosomiasis in mice. Experimental groups (n=15/group) were composed of female albino Swiss mice, which were subcutaneously and caudally infected with Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain, 100 cercariae/mouse) and were treated with an intraperitoneal dose after infection as follows: (1) Cramoll 1,4 (50 mg kg(-1) single dose - after 40 days of infection), (2) Cramoll 1,4 (7 mg kg(-1) daily dose - for 7 days after infection) and control (untreated mice). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after infection and adult worms were recovered from the portal-hepatic system. Livers were fixed in 10% (v/v) formaldehyde/0.15M NaCl and tissue sections were processed for haematoxilin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Mice infected subcutaneously harboured no or very few worms and hence the effect of Cramoll 1,4 could not be assessed. Results (P≤0.05) were obtained with Cramoll 1,4 using the two treatments, with reduction of: egg excretion (79 and 80%), adult worm recovery (71 and 79%) and liver granulomas (40 and 73.5%) in relation to control. This study showed the potential anti-helminthic activity of Cramoll 1,4 when tested against Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in mice.

Healing activity induced by Cramoll 1,4 lectin in healthy and immunocompromised mice.

Cramoll 1,4 is a lectin extracted from seeds of Cratylia mollis Mart. Many assays have shown the cytokine release activity and pro-inflammatory profile of this lectin. Here, we used Cramoll 1,4 in the treatment of cutaneous wounds in normal and immunocompromised mice for available your cicatricial power. Surgical wounds were treated daily with a topical administration of Cramoll 1,4 and parameters as edema, hyperemia, scab, granulation and scar tissues as well as contraction of wounds were analyzed. Cramoll 1,4 wounds showed higher edema and arrival of more polimorphonuclear cells at the site of lesions. Granulation tissue and collagen fiber deposition were observed with higher intensity in all Cramoll 1,4 treated wounds and promoted excellent closing and repair of lesions in less time than other groups. Results showed that Cramoll 1,4 lectin was effective in the repair of experimental lesions in mice and can be used as a future cicatricial compound.

Perfil imunoistoquímico das proteínas p53 e Ki67 em pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica / Imunohistochemical profile of p53 and Ki67 from patients with unspecific ulcerative colitis

Objetivos: O presente estudo avaliou, através da imunohistoquímica e estudo histopatológico, as principais alterações na mucosa intestinal de pacientes acometidos pela retocolite ulcerativa crônica idiopática (RCUI) apenas tratada clinicamente (n=30) ou subseqüentemente tratada com Proctocolectomia total e construção de bolsa ileal (n=30). Métodos: Desta forma, foram selecionados fragmentos de tecido intestinal submetidos à imunomarcação para as proteínas p53 e Ki67 e coloração por hematoxilina-eosina para análise histopatológica comparativa. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos indicam importantes diferenças no perfil inflamatório e presença de áreas de erosão/desgate da mucosa colônica de ambos os grupos estudados. Quanto a imunoexpressão, observou-se uma maior reatividade de padrão nuclear principalmente nos tecidos inflamados dos pacientes com RCUI tratados clinicamente. Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que, de acordo com o perfil histopatológico e imunohistoquímico, a mucosa colônica de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico apresenta menos alterações que os pacientes tratados clinicamente. Assim, os dados sugerem que estes métodos podem auxiliar no diagnóstico e monitoramento de pacientes sob diferentes rotinas terapêuticas.

Objectives: The present study evaluated, trough immunohistochemistry and histopatologic analysis, the main alterations in intestinal mucous from patients with unspecific ulcerative colitis (IUC) clinically (n=30) or surgically treated (n=30) with ileal J-pouch and permanent ileostomy. Methods: Thus, tissue slices from intestinal mucous were submitted to imunostains for p53 and Ki67 proteins, and Haematoxilin-eosin staining for comparative histopathological evaluation. Results: The results indicated important differences in inflammatory profile and erosion/necrosis sites on the both investigated groups. Related to imunoexpression was observed a higher reactivity with nuclear pattern, mainly in inflammatory tissues from IUC patients clinically treated. Conclusions: Those results showed that, according to histopathological and imunohistochemical parameters, the colonic mucous from IUC patients submitted to surgical treatment exhibited less alterations than IUC patients clinically treated. The data suggest that those methods could be helpful to diagnosis and assist the accompaniment of patients under different therapeutic routines.

Aspectos neurobiológicos do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH): uma revisão / Neurobiological aspects of the attention deficit/hy peractivity disorder (ADHD): a review

O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) representa, junto com a dislexia, a principal causa de fracasso escolar e está presente em 7% das crianças no Brasil. Desde os anos 80, o TDAH tem sido interpretado como uma doença neuropsiquiátrica que surge na infância e persiste até a idade adulta. Atualmente, é descrito pelas autoridades médicas internacionais como um sério problema de saúde pública. Diante disto, este estudo apresenta uma seletiva revisão das mais significantes pesquisas sobre os diferentes aspectos neurobiológicos do TDAH. Todos os artigos usados neste trabalho foram obtidos da base de dados do Scielo, Sciencedirect e Medline. Em conclusão, todos os estudos relatam que diferentes grupos profissionais entendem as diferentes causas para o TDAH, contudo, a maioria desconhece os atuais processos de diagnóstico e tratamento. Assim, torna-se de grande importância a instituição de programas de treinamento em TDAH para todas as pessoas envolvidas neste distúrbio (pais, pacientes, educadores e clínicos).

Immobilization of anti-galectin-3 onto polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol disks for tumor prostatic diseases diagnosis.

This work aimed to immobilize the antibody anti-galectin-3 onto polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (POS-PVA) support, to evaluate its capacity to capture the serum antigen galectin-3 and to quantify by ELISA the antigen levels in sera from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy individuals. Also, for comparative effect, the galectin-3 expression in the prostate tissue through immunohistochemistry was evaluated. The optical density (galectin-3 level) values established for the sera from PA and BPH patients were lower compared with those found for the healthy individuals. Galectin-3 immunohistochemically showed a significant increase and reduction of the cytoplasmatic protein expression in BPH and PA, respectively, compared with the normal prostate. These results showed that POS-PVA disks could be used as solid phase to immobilize serum galectins and in immunoassays procedures for the correspondent IgG anti-galectins detection in human sera.

Aspectos neurobiológicos do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH): uma revisão / Neurobiological aspects of the attention deficit/hy peractivity disorder (ADHD): a review

O transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) representa, junto com a dislexia, a principal causa de fracasso escolar e está presente em 7% das crianças no Brasil. Desde os anos 80, o TDAH tem sido interpretado como uma doença neuropsiquiátrica que surge na infância e persiste até a idade adulta. Atualmente, é descrito pelas autoridades médicas internacionais como um sério problema de saúde pública. Diante disto, este estudo apresenta uma seletiva revisão das mais significantes pesquisas sobre os diferentes aspectos neurobiológicos do TDAH. Todos os artigos usados neste trabalho foram obtidos da base de dados do Scielo, Sciencedirect e Medline. Em conclusão, todos os estudos relatam que diferentes grupos profissionais entendem as diferentes causas para o TDAH, contudo, a maioria desconhece os atuais processos de diagnóstico e tratamento. Assim, torna-se de grande importância a instituição de programas de treinamento em TDAH para todas as pessoas envolvidas neste distúrbio (pais, pacientes, educadores e clínicos).

Perfil de proteases de lesões cutâneas experimentais em camundongos tratadas com a lectina isolada das sementes de Canavalia brasiliensis / Proteases profile of skin wounds treated with lectin from Canavalia brasiliensis seeds

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil de proteases em lesões cutâneas experimentais tratadas com a lectina isolada das sementes da Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) livre e conjugada com o seu açúcar específico. Lesões cirúrgicas foram produzidas assepticamente na região dorsal de camundongos (n=120), divididos de acordo com o tratamento empregado: Grupo NaCl (NaCl 150mM), Grupo manose (manose 100mM), Grupo ConBr (ConBr 100µg mL-1) e Grupo ConBr/manose (solução contendo ConBr 100µg mL-1 preparada em manose 100mM). Amostras da área lesada foram coletadas para determinação do perfil de proteases e atividade colagenolítica no 2°, no 7° e no 12° dia de pós-operatório. O perfil das proteínas realizado através de eletroforese SDS-PAGE demonstrou a presença de proteínas com massa molecular de 67kDa em todos os grupos. O Grupo ConBr/manose apresentou a maior atividade colagenolítica no 12° dia de pós-operatório. A lectina isolada das sementes da Canavalia brasiliensis influenciou a expressão de proteases com atividade colagenolítica podendo assim interferir no processo cicatricial das lesões cutâneas em camundongos.

The objective of the present study was determining the proteases profile of cutaneous healings treated with free and conjugated lectin of Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) and their specific sugar. An aseptic wound was produced in the thoracic area of the mice (n=120), divided according to the employed treatment: NaCl Group (150mM NaCl), manose Group (100mM manose), ConBr Group (100µg mL-1 ConBr) and ConBr/manose Group (solution containing 100µg mL-1 ConBr prepared in 100mM manose). Samples of the injured area were collected for determination of proteases profile and collagenolytic activity on 2nd, 7th e 12th days after the surgery. Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE demonstrated proteins with molecular mass of 67kDa in all groups. Group IV presented the highest collagenolytic activity on the 12th day post surgery. ConBr lectin influenced proteases expression with collagenolytic activity thus being able to intervene on skin wound healing in mice.

Efeito da desnutrição e etanol na morfologia de rins de ratos: uma revisão sistemática / Effects of malnutrition and ethanol in the morphology of kidneys of rats: a systematic review

Objetivo: revisar na literatura os efeitos da desnutrição e etanol na morfologia de rins de ratos. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca de artigos na base de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram excluídos artigos contendo estudos com seres humanos e que não avaliassem os efeitos da desnutrição e do etanol nos rins e que não pesquisassem a morfologia renal. Resultados: para os efeitos da desnutrição, não foram encontrados artigos na base PubMed, porém foram encontrados 46 na LILACS e 2 na SciELO, totalizando 48 artigos, sendo descartados 46 artigos. Para os efeitos do etanol, foram encontrados 373 artigos na base PubMed, 13 na LILACS e 3 na SciELO, totalizando 389 artigos, sendo descartados 386 artigos. O total geral de artigos analisados foram de 437, sendo 5 selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusão: tanto a desnutrição, quanto o etanol provocam alterações na morfologia dos rins de ratos, porém ainda são bastante escassos esses estudos na literatura.

Objective: To review - in specialized literature - the effects of malnutrition and ethanol in the morphology of kidneys of rats. Methodology: A systematic review was held by searching articles in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS database. Articles which contained studies with human beings, or did not evaluate the effects of malnutrition and ethanol in the kidneys, and those which did not research the renal morphology were excluded. Results: For the effects of malnutrition, no PubMed based articles were found; however, 46 LILACS and 2 SciELO based ones were found, which adds up to 48 articles; 46 of them were not considered. For the effects of ethanol, 373 PubMed based articles, 13 LILACS and 3 SciELO based ones were found, which adds up to 389 articles; 386 of them were not considered. The total amount of 437 articles was analyzed and 5 of them were selected for this review. Conclusion: Not only the malnutrition, but also the ethanol lead to alterations in the morphology of kidneys of rats, however, these studies are still scarce in specialized literature.